(b) Top, middle, and lower
(c) First, second, and third
(d) Primary, secondary, and tertiary
ANSWER
(b) Top, middle, and lower
The three levels of management are Top, Middle, and Lower level (First-line managers/Operational)
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
The term “Levels of Management’ refers to a line of demarcation between various managerial positions in an organization. The number of levels in management increases when the size of the business and workforce increases and vice versa. The level of management determines a chain of command, the amount of authority & status enjoyed by any managerial position. The levels of management can be classified in three broad categories:
- Top level / Administrative level
- Middle level / Executory
- Lower level / Supervisory / Operative / First-line managers
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT IN LIBRARIES
Managers can be categorized in a number of ways. Most commonly, we think of them in a vertical hierarchy. They usually work at three levels, viz. Top, Middle and Lower level of the organization. The Managers at top or nearer to the top have broader responsibilities and authority than those at lower levels. According to Stueart and Moran, various organizations including libraries have three levels of management as under:
- Top Management
- Middle Management
- Lower Management or First Line Supervisors
Top Management
It includes directors, associate directors and assistant directors in the large libraries. They are responsible to set policies for the entire organization and are responsible for its overall management. They act as leaders and have wide powers as wells responsibilities.
Middle Management
They are in–charge of specific sub-units of the organization. In the libraries, they are heads of the department or Branch Librarians. Their responsibilities are confirmed to the successful functioning of the department concerned. They also serve as liaisons between top management and supervisors.
Lower Management or First Line Supervisors
They act as supervisors of the junior staff and lead the activities of individual workers in carrying out the day to day work of the organization/library. These managers implement the procedures and processes that allow their units to work effectively and efficiently.
But the above-mentioned hierarchy in the management is being distributed more widely throughout the organizations these days. This change can be seen in all types of organizations including libraries and information centers. The emphasis is being given to teamwork nowadays.
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